What are my Legal Rights As a Birth Parent of an Adopted Child?

Adoption, like childbirth, is a life-changing event in your life. If you are seeking to adopt a child, or if you have already started the adoption process but you are encountering legal barriers, you will need to be advised by the right legal team. Learn about a biological parent’s rights after an adoption below. 

Deciding to give up a child for adoption is a very difficult decision and definitely should not be committed until you, as the biological parent, have fully understood what this means for your parental rights. Once the adoption process is finalized, you have relinquished your parental rights and responsibilities by law. However, during the pregnancy, you have undeniable parental adoption rights throughout the adoption process. 

If you are considering adoption, it is important to know the limits of your parental rights and how they may affect you long-term. 

First, let’s discuss the rights you do have prior to the adoption, during pregnancy.

The Right to Change Your Mind at Any Time

Prior to completing any adoption paperwork, the birth mother has a legal right to change her mind at any point in the process. This means you will always have the option to parent your child, whether you change your mind early in pregnancy, after you’ve met the adoptive parents, or even after you’ve given birth, as long as no paperwork has been completed. Your adoption specialist will respect these inherent legal rights you have as the biological parent. 

The Right to Create Your Own Adoption Plan and Choose the Adoptive Family

As the birth mother, you have the right to create your own adoption plan from start to finish. You will have an adoption specialist with you to support and help you through the process, but you should never be forced into making decisions you’re not comfortable with. Once of the decisions you also get to decide is if it’s going to be an open or closed adoption. With open adoption, you also have the right to choose the family that you wish to place your child with. Normally, your adoption specialist will thoroughly discuss with you what your desires for the adoptive family are, and show you profiles of families who meet those preferences. 

Additionally, you will be able to meet with and get to know the prospective families. You can take as long as you need to find the family you believe is the right fit for your child. 

The Right to Choose Your Post-Placement Relationship

Another factor in open adoptions is choosing the contact you want to have with the adoptive family before and after the adoption is complete. While you have no legal parental rights after you give up your child for adoption, open adoption allows you to remain a part of your child’s life. Your adoption specialist helps coordinate communication to make sure the adoptive family maintains their communication with you. 

The points discussed above dealt with rights parents have prior to the adoption being finalized, but following the finalization, your parental rights are completely terminated. Let’s discuss what this means and if there are other options. 

Voluntary vs Involuntary Termination

Generally, birth parents have the right to choose what’s in the best interest of their children, this includes the difficult decision of adoption. When parents choose to offer their child for adoption, they are voluntarily terminating their parental rights. Alternatively, when birth parents are forced to terminate their parental rights, it’s known as an involuntary termination. This can determine how the adoption moves forward and the long-term situation. 

Before voluntary termination can take place, one or both parents must legally consent to the adoption. Most states require this to be done in writing and before a judge or court-appointed person. 

There are other times when birth parents’ rights are terminated involuntarily. For this to take place, someone must be going on that endangers the well-being of the child. Common occurrences include:

  • Child abuse or neglect
  • Abandonment
  • Mental illness
  • Incapacity based on alcohol or drug use 
  • Conviction of a crime by the parent

Timing 

The exact moment the birth parents’ rights are terminated depends on the state, but can range from immediately after the child’s birth to 30 days after. Terminating birth parents’ rights is a serious matter and most states have very strict timing requirements that must be set and agreed to prior to the termination. 

Visitation Rights

Following the adoption, the adoptive parents have sole authority to decide on visitation rights. If they feel it’s in the best interest of the child, they may enable a healthy relationship with the birth family. 

Although, if a post-placement relationship was agreed upon and put into the paperwork, you have the authority to choose what kind of relationship you wish to have with your child. 

It’s important to note that, generally, adoptive parents are not required to communicate with birth parents after the adoption. The only exceptions being severe illness or death. 

Free Counseling for Birth Parents

Every birth parent has the right to counseling during both the pregnancy and following the adoption. This can help a lot of mothers and fathers cope with emotional and physical trauma. Birth mothers are at a much greater risk of experiencing depression due to the negative feelings of guilt and shame. Which makes pre-adoption counseling very beneficial for all parties involved. 

Revoking Consent

In most states, consent to adoption is irrevocable since consent is meant to be a lasting and building agreement to help ensure a stable environment for the child. Although, in extreme cases, some states allow for revoking consent to adoption, usually only before the adoption has been finalized. Some situations include; 

  • Fraud or coercion was involved
  • The state allows a set period of time for revoking consent
  • The state determines the revocation is in the best interest of the child
  • The birth parents and adoptive parents mutually agree

Can Adoptive Parents Cut Off Acces?  

The current trend for adoptions seems to be to allow open adoptions that encourage a relationship between birth and adoptive parents. Unfortunately, if the adoptive parents do not want them in the child’s life, there is not much you can do as a birth parent. Again, this is why it’s important to enter a visitation agreement into the paperwork. 

Final Thoughts

Adoption is a lifelong commitment and a permanent decision. Once you have given consent and signed the paperwork, it’s extremely difficult to go back. That’s why it’s so important to work with a legal team that understands these kinds of situations and knows just what to do. Our award-winning attorneys at Masters Law Group have seen it all and can help create solutions right for you. We’re here to help guide you through these difficult times. 

If you need help with any family law issues, reach out today.

Family Law Issues to Avoid This Holiday Season

November is the unofficial start to the holiday season. While many are filled with excitement and joy, others are left worried about their family law issues such as custody, visitation rights and even starting divorce proceedings. As an Illinois resident, it’s important to know your rights as we approach this family-orientated time of year.

The holiday season can be stressful on any family, but it can be even more difficult for divorced parents, their children and other family members. How do you deal with conflict? Can it be avoided altogether? Read on to learn more about common family law issues that occur over the holiday season and possible solutions.

Discussing Divorce

Many couples attempt to put off divorce until after the holiday season for the sake of their children and to avoid telling other family members. This is common, but just as difficult as being honest about the impending divorce. 

If you’ve taken the alternative route, here are some tips for discussing the divorce around your family during the holidays: 

  • Be honest. You don’t need to give away every detail, but lying could cause more issues in the long run. Being upfront also allows you to control the narrative within your family.
  • Set boundaries. As we said before, you don’t need to tell your family everything or go into detail about your situation. If it becomes too much, take a step back. Explain to your family you do not wish to discuss the divorce and want to focus on enjoying the holiday. 
  • Be courteous. If you find yourself around your spouse’s family for some reason, it’s best to not discuss the divorce with them. If they press, tell them you do not want to talk about the divorce at the moment and need to remove yourself from the situation.

But always remember, if you or your children are in danger in any form, never hesitate to leave a high-risk environment immediately. You can even seek councel and advice on getting an Order of Protection. 

Custody Agreements/Allocation of Parental Responsibilities 

If possible, it’s best to build holiday plans in a custody agreement. If you and your ex spouse live in different cities or states, and travel is difficult, it may be best to arrange the children to be at one house for a certain holiday, and the other for the next. For example, the children spend Thanksgiving with you and Christmas with your ex, and you alternate the following year. 

Whatever your family decides to do, clear communication is key. Be specific about the days and times that are included for the holiday, as well as pick up or drop off times. Be realistic about what’s possible, if possible, get input from your children. Try to make this time easy on everyone. Need help on arranging an Allocation of Parental Responsibilities agreement? Learn more here.

Gift Giving

Communicating about gifts can also be beneficial. Avoiding duplicate gifts can help reduce any stress of having to return items. Keeping an open line of communication could also allow you to work together on purchasing larger gifts for your children, such as a computer or a new phone.

Changing Schedules

Sometimes, changes in schedules are inevitable. If there’s a legitimate reason for the party needing to adjust plans, try to be flexible. Obviously, it’s ideal for everything to go as planned, but being adaptable can make things easier on everyone involved. Alternatively, if you’re the one needing to make adjustments to the schedule, try to communicate them as clearly and as soon as possible.  Any change to your existing parenting time schedule is called a post-decree modification. 

The court may grant a modification without a showing of changed circumstances if the modification is in the child’s best interests and any of the following are proven:

  1. THE MODIFICATION REFLECTS THE ACTUAL ARRANGEMENT UNDER WHICH THE CHILD HAS BEEN RECEIVING CARE, WITHOUT PARENTAL OBJECTION, FOR THE 6 MONTHS PRECEDING THE FILING OF THE PETITION FOR MODIFICATION, PROVIDED THAT THE ARRANGEMENT IS NOT THE RESULT OF A PARENT’S ACQUIESCENCE RESULTING FROM CIRCUMSTANCES THAT NEGATED THE PARENT’S ABILITY TO GIVE MEANINGFUL CONSENT;
  2. THE MODIFICATION CONSTITUTES A MINOR MODIFICATION IN THE PARENTING PLAN OR ALLOCATION JUDGMENT;
  3. THE MODIFICATION IS NECESSARY TO MODIFY AN AGREED PARENTING PLAN OR ALLOCATION JUDGMENT THAT THE COURT WOULD NOT HAVE ORDERED OR APPROVED…HAD THE COURT BEEN AWARE OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES AT THE TIME OF THE ORDER OR APPROVAL; OR
  4. THE PARTIES AGREE TO THE MODIFICATION.

750 ILCS 5/610.5(e).

Visitation Rights

Parents and Grandparents alike may have questions about their own rights when it comes to seeing your children around the holidays. In the state of Illinois, it is ultimately up to the parent’s discretion to choose who their children have a relationship with or not. If the grandparent or family member wishes to petition for their own visitation rights, they first must prove they had a relationship with the child prior to the divorce. The court can help extend an existing relationship, but it cannot help create a new one.

Final Thoughts

Co-parenting can be difficult, but if you find ways to work together and create a plan, it can make the holiday season much easier. Sometimes, parents do attempt to defy court orders and make plans on their own. If speaking to the other parent on your own doesn’t help the situation, it may be time to get attorneys involved.

Our award-winning attorneys at Masters Law Group have seen it all and know just how to handle these types of situations. We’re here to help guide you through this difficult time. 

If you need help with any family law issues, reach out to us here today. 

Can I Change a Child Custody Agreement?

When a child custody case is resolved, the court issues what is known as a permanent custody order. However, despite the word “permanent,” custody orders can be changed later if there’s a reason to do so.

When parents separate or divorce, you may get an initial child custody order (also known as Allocation of Parental Responsibilities order) that outlines the custody arrangement. However, if circumstances change, the court can modify the order at any point until the child turns 18.

We’ve put together a list of possible situations that could lead to a change in your child custody agreement, along with information about how to proceed.

Here’s what you need to know.

Facts on Allocation of Parental Responsibilities

There are three basic types of child allocation of parental responsibilities in Illinois — joint allocation of parental responsibilities, sole allocation of parental responsibilities and shared allocation of parental responsibilities:

Joint allocation of parental responsibilities requires parents to cooperate in decision-making regarding education, health care and religious instruction. It does not mean that the children live with each parent for an equal amount of time. The parties will agree or the court will assign a residential parent. The non-residential parent will pay child support and exercise parenting time. The amount of time the children spends with the non-residential parent is addressed in a parenting time agreement or order.

Sole allocation of parental responsibilities is the term that describes the arrangement that gives one parent the responsibility for deciding everything related to the child’s welfare. It does not mean that the other parent is out of the picture. Parenting Time and parenting time can be the same in a sole allocation of parental responsibilities case as it is in a joint allocation of parental responsibilities case.

Shared allocation of parental responsibilities is a form of joint allocation of parental responsibilities. It is appropriate when the child spends equal time with each parent, the parents reside in the same school district and are able to joint parent.

Why Would a Parent Need to Modify a Custody Order?

A parent may want to obtain a change in custody or visitation if substantial changes in the other parent’s lifestyle threatens to harm the child. Examples might include if one parent starts to abuse drugs or alcohol, or leaves a young child home alone. If one parent becomes incarcerated or incapacitated in some way which leaves them unable to care for the children might be another reason for a modification.

The Two Year Rule

The Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage act clearly states that these parental responsibility plans may not be modified for two years following their entry in court. However, there are two exceptions to this rule. 

The first exception is if the courts determine that there is a factor present that could seriously endanger the wellbeing of the child, either physically, mentally or emotionally. This also applies to visitation plans that address grandparents, step parents and siblings. The second exception is if the parents file a joint stipulation waiving the two-year moratorium.

If you are seeking to change your existing parenting plan, it’s best to consult with an attorney as soon as possible. Your case might fall under one of these exceptions and you’ll want to prepare accordingly.

Making Modifications at Any Time

You can change your custody agreement at any time, as long as both parties agree to the modification. The court will still have to approve these changes to ensure that the child’s interests are still served. 

The law specifies several other conditions that could lead to change at any time. Here are the following rules:

  • If there is an environment that is seriously harmful to the child.
  • If a parent either lives with or marries a sex offender.
  • If the child’s emotional development is seriously impaired due to current arrangements.

In order to make changes, a parent will have to file a petition. From there the court will make the decision on if the petition is approved or not.

Other Changes and Circumstances

If you are a parent with child custody, you know that it can be a difficult arrangement. However, the Illinois Courts point out that the parties involved in these arrangements have a continuing duty to provide information that could affect a pending arrangement. 

A court may also take into account any substantial changes that have occurred since the agreement was entered and approved. In order to have a modification approved, it will be necessary to prove that the substantial change has affected the child’s best interests. 

Some of those changes and circumstances can be the following:

  • Changes in work schedules for both parents
  • Children starting school
  • Misbehavior of either parent i.g. Criminal charges or inappropriate significant other

If you think that there has been a change in circumstances since your original agreement was approved, it is important to talk with an experienced attorney as soon as possible. As long as you can prove that there has been an impact on your child’s best interests, then you could be able to get your custody agreement modified quickly.

Final Thoughts

Fortunately, Illinois law gives parents a number of options for changing custody orders. While this is a good thing, making modifications can quickly get messy and turn into complex issues. It’s always important to consult with your family law attorney before making any decisions.   

At Masters Law Group, it’s our duty to ensure any modifications made to your child custody agreement are done in a proper and swift manner. If you’re currently navigating child custody or considering your legal options, schedule a consultation with us today to learn how we can help.

Identifying Crypto in Divorce

It’s National Cryptocurrency Month, a time to reflect on a fairly new asset concept that has grown increasingly popular. In this blog, we’ll cover what you need to know about cryptocurrency and how Masters Law Group can help you identify crypto in a divorce.

Cryptocurrency interest and awareness has exploded over the past five years. This increase was initially fueled by younger, techminded individuals, but recently large banks like Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs have invested heavily in crypto assets. This cultural phenomenon has spread, and recent numbers show that upwards of 53 million Americans are invested in crypto.

Cryptocurrency is volatile, wide ranging (think beyond Bitcoin) and can be more difficult to identify compared to other assets. Its volatility means its value can swing wildly – even in as little as hours. Cryptocurrencies are also numerous and multiplying with over 20,000 different currencies as of this year. 

What does this mean for you if you’re currently navigating a divorce? Read on to learn the steps you should take to ensure financial equality is met. 

The Cryptocurrency Basics

By this point you’ve probably heard the word “cryptocurrency” but few could define it succinctly. Let’s break the word in two to simplify things. First, cryptography – “the practice and study of techniques for secure communication.” Second, currency – “A system of money in general use.” From this we can see that the goal of cryptocurrencies is to “secure” the transaction records, creation of additional currency units and their transfer. 

What makes cryptocurrencies unique is the technology behind them – blockchain. Blockchain is what allows for the foundational security of these digital assets. What is blockchain? To keep things simple it’s a distributed ledger across multiple nodes, computers and people that creates a network and stores information. This decentralized database ensures that no one person or group can have leverage over the currency.

Identifying Cryptocurrency as a Financial Asset

The main issue when dividing cryptocurrency is the volatility we mentioned. For example, in January of 2021 Bitcoin surged over $40,000 before falling to $32,000. These valuation swings can make determining value difficult compared to more traditional assets.

Beyond this, the first step is to determine if your spouse has cryptocurrency holdings. Depending on the relationship, you may already know if these digital assets exist. If you’re unsure there are steps to take. 

Consider past conversations. Have they mentioned cryptocurrency? If so, that establishes a baseline interest that may lead you to believe they have assets in place. If you feel that they do, you would move into a discovery phase. 

First off, share this information with your legal counsel. Your attorney and their team can use this information to begin investigating. Some of the first steps they may take would be to determine if there is a physical “wallet” or a digital one. This wallet may be in the form of a hard drive that holds the cryptocurrency or in the form of an online exchange like Coinbase.

Either way, this information will be password protected. Once entry is secured, a paper trail will show itself. This information will contain transactions, the cryptocurrency holdings, conversion rate and other pertinent information. 

Once all of this information is secured, the division of the assets can be discussed.

Division and Reconciliation 

There are four basic paths that can be chosen once valuation has been determined. Let’s briefly cover these.

    1. Simple Division: As the name suggests, this would simply be a division of the cryptocurrency assets.
    2. Custodial Holding: If holding cryptocurrency is not valued, a custodian can be secured. This representative would handle the cryptocurrency transaction – into the US dollar for example – and then hold the amount until the divorce is finalized.
    3. Cryptocurrency Owner Liquidation: In this situation, the owner of the cryptocurrency (your spouse) would convert your share into US dollars. The value of the currency would be determined by the day of sale value. 
    4. Liquidation with No Claim Upon Remaining Cryptocurrency: This is similar to the option above, the difference being that your spouse would retain full ownership but would liquidate the cryptocurrency as it stands. You would not be owed any of the assets.

By working with your legal counsel, you can determine the best course of action.

Final Thoughts

Cryptocurrency is fairly new, meaning it’s often misunderstood. Its popularity means it will continue to be relevant in divorce cases into the foreseeable future.

If you’re currently navigating a divorce, and believe that you are owed a portion of cryptocurrency assets, reach out to Masters Law Group LLC today. Our skilled team has experience with digital assets and our breadth of knowledge means we can answer your questions and assist you in gaining access to what you’re owed.

Schedule a call, here today.