March 2024 - Masters Law Group

Demystifying the Hague Convention: Essential FAQs Answered

March 22, 2024

The nightmare of having your child taken across borders is a frightening reality for a growing number of parents across the globe. Under the Hague Convention, solutions are provided for parents who seek the return of their child to their country of habitual residence.

International Parental Child Abduction is an act of illegally taking a child from their residing home by one of the parents across international borders. If you suspect the possible scenario of International Parental Child Abduction in your family, here are some questions and answers that can provide valuable insight.

1. What is the Hague Convention?

The Hague Convention was enacted into law through the International Child Abduction Remedies Act (ICARA). This law provides help to parents whose child or children have been wrongfully removed from or retained in their custody. They may petition for the child’s return to their country of habitual residence.

This Hague treaty was developed by the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH) and entered into force in December 1983. There are over 93 countries that participate in the treaty. This treaty governs the way other countries’ legal systems work together. There were two specific goals in mind at the time of The Hague Services Convention’s formation:

Create a means to help ensure judicial and extrajudicial documents to be served abroad can be brought to the notice of the addressee in sufficient time.
Improve the organization of mutual judicial assistance.

2. What Is “Wrongful Removal” Under The Hague Convention?

Deciding whether to file a Hague application is a big decision. It depends on the specific circumstances of each case. A wrongful removal or retention of a child is considered illegal if it violates your custodial rights and you were exercising those rights at the time of the removal or retention.

In order for the Hague Convention to apply, it must have been in force between the two countries when the wrongful removal occurred. When a country joins the Convention, it doesn’t automatically partner with all countries that have ratified or joined it. Instead, countries must accept another country’s accession to the Convention before forming a treaty partnership.

3. How Can A Hague Lawyer Help?

A Hague Convention lawyer has experience handling cases related to international child abduction and custody disputes governed by the Hague Convention. They possess in-depth knowledge of the Convention’s provisions, procedures, and legal precedents, enabling them to navigate the complexities of your case effectively. Here’s how a Hague lawyer can assist you:

International Legal Aid: Hague lawyers often have established networks of lawyers and resources worldwide, facilitating communication and collaboration across international borders.
Negotiation and Mediation: A Hague lawyer can represent your interests during negotiations. Reaching an amicable resolution through negotiation or mediation is preferable to lengthy court proceedings.
Court Representation: If your case proceeds to court, your Hague lawyer will advocate on your behalf, presenting compelling arguments and evidence to support your child’s return to their country of habitual residence.

4. How Long Is The Hague Convention Process?

Contrary to common belief, the Hague Convention doesn’t guarantee the automatic return of a child in every case. While it provides a legal framework for facilitating such returns, various circumstances, defenses, and exceptions may complicate matters. Some cases can be resolved relatively quickly, within weeks or months.

While others may drag on longer, especially if they involve complex legal proceedings or appeals, one exception is when there are genuine concerns about the child’s safety or well-being. In such cases, the Hague Convention prioritizes the child’s welfare and safety. Working with a Hague lawyer can help you understand what steps to take to get the swift and safe return of your child.

5. What Steps Should I Take If My Child Has Been Wrongfully Taken?

Discovering that your child has been wrongfully taken across borders is a harrowing experience. Acting swiftly and decisively is crucial if you are in this unfortunate situation. Here are essential steps to consider as you navigate this distressing ordeal:

Consult with a Hague Lawyer: Seek legal advice from a Hague Convention lawyer. They can assess your case and guide you through the legal process.
File a Hague Application: Depending on your country of residence, you may need to apply the Hague Convention through the appropriate central authority. Your lawyer can assist you with completing and submitting the necessary documentation.
Gather Evidence: Collect evidence supporting your claim. This includes documentation of your custody rights, evidence of the child’s habitual residence, and communication with the other party regarding the abduction.
Cooperate with Authorities: Work closely with law enforcement, central authorities, and Hague lawyers involved in your case. Provide them with any requested information or assistance to facilitate the prompt resolution.

Finding Legal Representation

Selecting a Hague lawyer familiar with state, federal, and international laws is crucial. Masters Law Group attorneys Erin Masters and Anthony Joseph have years of experience handling Hague Convention cases. Our experience in the Hague Convention field shows our competence in providing legal counsel for these stressful scenarios.

For more information, here are a few of our highlighted Hague Convention cases:

Contact our office today to schedule your consultation.

DuPage Divorce Mediation

March 15, 2024

The emotional turbulence of divorce and navigating the legal intricacies can seem daunting and overwhelming. However, in DuPage County, Illinois, there’s a pathway that offers a more amicable and efficient resolution: divorce mediation.

With the United States ranking third globally in divorce rates, at 2.4 divorces per 1,000 people, the need for effective resolution methods is more pressing than ever. In this blog, we’ll explore mediation and how a DuPage divorce lawyer can help you with the process. Here’s what to expect when pursuing this alternative method of resolution.

What Is Mediation?

Divorce mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) that involves a neutral third party who facilitates communication between the parties to help them reach a mutually beneficial solution. Unlike a judge, the mediator does not make decisions for the parties; instead, they help them reach their agreement.

Mediation typically begins with both parties meeting with their mediator to discuss the issues at hand. The mediator then facilitates communication between the parties, helping them identify and address their concerns. Once an agreement is reached, the mediator drafts a written contract that both parties can sign.

In some cases, mediation may not be successful; especially surrounding domestic violence or substance abuse. For those who have a more “black and white” separation vision, mediation helps the parties better understand each other’s positions and concerns, making future negotiations more straightforward.

When Can You Use Mediation in DuPage?

In DuPage County, mediation can be used at any stage of the divorce process, whether before filing for divorce or during litigation. It’s particularly encouraged when couples wish to maintain a cooperative relationship and have more control over the outcome of their divorce.

Mediation offers a more private, confidential, and intimate setting, which can help to alleviate some of the stress associated with divorce. Parties can work together to resolve their issues in a safe environment without the added pressure of a courtroom setting. These agreements are typically confidential, meaning the dispute and resolution details are kept private. It can help protect the parties’ privacy and avoid potential negative publicity from a public trial.

How Does Divorce Mediation Work?

Before diving into mediation, some groundwork is necessary. Start by gathering all pertinent information and documents related to the disputes in your divorce. For instance, if there’s contention over whether certain assets are marital or separate property, assemble the relevant financial records.

Certain mediators may request this information as part of the initial intake process. Here’s how the process typically unfolds:

Choosing a Mediator: Couples typically select a mediator together, helping ensure they feel comfortable with the individual facilitating their discussions.
Initial Meeting: The mediator meets with both spouses to discuss the process, set ground rules, and identify the issues that must be resolved.
Negotiation Sessions: Over several sessions, the spouses, along with their attorneys if they choose to have legal representation, engage in discussions facilitated by the mediator. The goal is to reach mutually agreeable solutions on all aspects of the divorce.
Drafting the Agreement: Once agreements are reached, the mediator assists in drafting a legally binding agreement that reflects the decisions made by the couple.

What If You Don’t Reach an Agreement in Mediation?

While mediation aims to find common ground and reach agreements on all issues, it’s not uncommon for certain matters to remain unresolved. In such cases, couples have several options:

Continue Mediation: If only a few sticking points prevent a full agreement, couples can choose to continue mediation sessions to work through these remaining issues.
Seek Alternative Dispute Resolution: If mediation proves unsuccessful, couples may explore forms of alternative dispute resolution, such as arbitration or collaborative law. These methods offer different approaches to resolving conflicts outside of traditional litigation.
Litigation: Couples may resort to litigation for those specific matters when mediation fails to produce a comprehensive agreement. This involves presenting unresolved issues to a judge, who will then make decisions on behalf of the couple.

It’s worth noting that even partial agreements reached through mediation can still offer benefits. Resolving some issues through mediation can help streamline the litigation process, reducing the time and costs associated with court proceedings. Working with a DuPage divorce attorney can help you find the right solution based on your needs and goals.

Finalizing a Mediated Dissolution In DuPage County

Once the mediated agreement is drafted, it must be reviewed and approved by each spouse’s respective attorney before being submitted to the court for final approval. Upon approval, the mediated agreement becomes a court order, legally binding to both parties.

Having a trustworthy divorce attorney by your side can help ensure a smooth transition. Our team of experienced divorce mediation attorneys is fully prepared to advocate for you and your family.

Erin E. Masters and Anthony G. Joseph have consistently earned recognition from esteemed publications year after year (including Best Lawyers, Best Law Firm, Top 100 Lawyers, and Leading Lawyers), a testament to their unwavering work ethic, strong character, and experience in family law. Our track record of success reassures you that you have a reliable and dependable ally throughout your divorce mediation proceedings.

Working with a DuPage Divorce Lawyer

While mediation is designed to be a collaborative process, having a DuPage mediator by your side can help provide valuable support and guidance. At Masters Law Group, serving clients in Cook County and DuPage County, Illinois, our experienced attorneys understand that divorce is stressful for everyone involved.

We prioritize our clients’ assurance and well-being throughout the mediation process. Whether you are facing mediation, a contested, uncontested, or a civil union divorce, our attorneys are ready to skillfully advocate for your position and provide your voice when you need it most.

MASTERS LAW GROUP HAGUE CONVENTION CASE REVIEW: THE DISTRICT OF COLORADO/COLUMBIA

March 7, 2024

International parental abductions have been reported in countries all over the world. In one of our most recent Hague Convention cases, the attorneys at Masters Law Group succeeded in this landmark ruling in favor of our client.

The Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (“The Hague Convention”) was enacted into law through the International Child Abduction Remedies Act (“ICARA”), which provides that a parent whose child has been wrongfully removed from or retained in the United States may petition for the child’s return to his or her country of habitual residence.

In our most recent case that concluded on February 20, 2024, the husband – represented by Masters Law Group – filed a petition for the return of his two children, who were taken from his residence in Colombia to the United States by his wife – the mother of the children. As relevant here, the Hague Convention provides that a parent whose child or children have been wrongfully removed or retained in the United States may petition for the child’s return to his or her country of habitual residence.

CASE OVERVIEW

Before the Court is Petitioner’s Verified Complaint and Petition for Issuance of a Show Cause Order and for Return of Minor Children to Colombia (D. 1). The Court held a bench trial on February 14-16, 2024, with both parties physically present and testifying. The Court GRANTED the petition for the following reasons.

Case Background

This case involves a Hague Convention petition for the return of two minor children born in Colombia to a Colombian citizen petitioner and a United States citizen respondent. The parties were married in the United States in 2012 and lived together in Colombia. The respondent, a full-time childcare provider, took the children to the U.S. for a family reunion but faced passport renewal delays. The Petitioner acquiesced to the extended stay. Despite attempts to attend mediation remotely, The Petitioner canceled, insisting it be rescheduled upon their return to Colombia.

This case arises under the International Child Abduction Remedies Act (ICARA), 42 U.S.C. § 11601 et seq., which implements the Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction.

The Act entitles a person whose child has been removed from his custody in another country and taken to the United States to petition in federal or state court for the return of the child.

CASE RESULTS

The Court finds in favor of the Petitioner, concluding that the Respondent wrongfully retained the children and dismissing her claim of grave risk of harm. The Petitioner’s request for the return of the children to Colombia is granted.

Respondent is ordered to ensure the children’s return to Colombia within 28 days, by March 20, 2024, either with herself or an authorized caregiver. Seven days before their departure, Respondent must provide details of the return flight to the Petitioner.

Petitioner may seek reimbursement for expenses following Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(d)(1) and D.C.COLO.LCivR 54.1. Respondent is liable for costs, legal fees, and transportation unless proven clearly inappropriate.

The case is hereby closed.

Date: February 20, 2024.

READ THE FULL CASE REVIEW HERE.

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HAGUE CONVENTION – INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION LAW WITH MASTERS LAW GROUP

Erin Masters and Anthony Joseph have extensive experience in cases involving international child custody disputes in both courts located in the State of Illinois and the United States federal court system.

Erin Masters and Anthony Joseph have extensive knowledge and experience with The Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (“The Hague Convention”) that was enacted into law through the International Child Abduction Remedies Act (“ICARA”) which provides that a parent whose child has been wrongfully removed from or retained in the United States may petition for the child’s return to his or her country of habitual residence.

SCHEDULE A CONSULTATION

If you are faced with instituting or defending child abduction proceedings under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction in the United States, work with the experienced lawyers at Masters Law Group. Contact us here today to schedule a consultation.

Divorce Advice Every Woman Needs on International Women’s Day

March 1, 2024

At Masters Law Group, we proudly honor the trailblazing women within our family law firm and across all fields in every industry. As family law attorneys, we have firsthand experience with the complexities of divorce and helping women through this challenging time.

Every year on March 8th, we celebrate International Women’s Day, recognizing the achievements and resilience of women everywhere. Being a female going through a divorce can be an isolating and overwhelming experience. If you’re a woman feeling unhappy in your marriage, you’ve likely considered initiating divorce. However, determining whether it’s the right choice for you, your children, and your spouse can be daunting. That’s why seeking personalized divorce advice is crucial for making well-informed choices.

Leaving a marriage is a woman’s toughest decision, often presenting unique challenges. There are important factors to consider upfront and inevitable hurdles along the way. Here are some practical tips to help protect yourself during the divorce or separation process.

Why Women Initiate Divorce

In the United States, women often initiate divorce more frequently than men. This trend has grown as women now have more job opportunities and higher independent incomes, which reduces the financial risks associated with divorce compared to the past. Here are some notable statistics:

The divorce process has also become more accessible, especially with the legalization of no-fault divorces in certain states. Illinois is one of the states that follows a no-fault divorce model. This means couples can dissolve their marriage without having to prove fault or wrongdoing by either party. This can simplify the process, offering a straightforward route from an unsustainable marriage.

Preparing Yourself Emotionally

When you initiate the discussion of divorce with your spouse, and especially when you take the definitive step to file, you’re entering a realm with no clear path back.

At the core of any amicable divorce lies open and sincere communication. If possible, both partners must come together to express their feelings, concerns, and expectations. This fosters trust and clarity, reducing misunderstandings and unnecessary conflicts.

If conversations become difficult or communication proves challenging, consider involving a mediator, therapist, and divorce attorney. These professionals offer guidance and a neutral space for productive discussions, aiding both parties in reaching fair and mutually agreeable resolutions.

Remember, if you are initiating divorce due to dangerous behavior, such as physical and emotional abuse, drug addiction or other factors, you can seek an Order of Protection. Let’s explore this more.

What is Domestic Violence?

Domestic violence is described as abusive behavior when a family or household member uses physical or mental maltreatment toward another family or household member. The IDVA uses the following terms as abuse:

1. Physical abuse
2. Harassment
3. Intimidation of a dependent
4. Interference with personal liberty
5. Willful deprivation
6. Exploitation
7. Stalking

What is an Order of Protection?

An Order of Protection is a court order made in writing which prohibits, by law, further abusive behavior.

Who are persons considered to be family or household members?
The IDVA defines members to include:

1. A spouse
2. Ex-spouse
3. Girlfriend/boyfriend who have or have had a dating or engagement relationship
4. Parents
5. Children
6. Stepchildren
7. Significant other/partner
8. Persons who share or allege to have a blood relationship through a child
9. Persons who live together or formerly lived together
10. Persons with disabilities and their personal assistants

Need an Order of Protection in Illinois? Contact us to help you file in Illinois Civil court.

Prioritizing The Well-Being Of Your Children

If you don’t have the safety of yourself and/or family to worry about, if you have children, their well-being should be your top priority. If possible, maintain a united front when it comes to co-parenting decisions. Create a comprehensive parenting plan that outlines responsibilities, schedules, and guidelines. Keep children out of adult conflicts and reassure them of your love and support.

Whether it’s parenting time, asset division, or spousal support, your DuPage divorce attorney will help that your voice is heard and that the court’s decision is fair and aligned with your best interests. Furthermore, during court proceedings, your DuPage or Chicagoland divorce attorney can address unexpected challenges and legal objections and help ensure that all legal procedures are followed diligently.

Their presence in court assures you that you have a dedicated legal professional fighting on your behalf, helping you navigate the complexities of the judicial process during an emotionally challenging time.

Consider Options for Equitable Distribution

As couples navigate the challenging path of divorce, alimony, and asset division are critical aspects that demand attention. Unfortunately, Illinois is not a 50/50 state for divorce. This means that the court weighs several factors to determine how to fairly divide property rather than dividing property 50/50. Illinois follows a more intricate approach called “equitable distribution.” Here’s how it works:

Contribution to the Marriage: The court looks at what each spouse brought to the marriage regarding money and non-money contributions like caring for the home or children.
Duration of the Marriage: How long the marriage lasted matters, as it can affect how assets are divided.
Economic Circumstances: Each spouse’s financial situation, including income and needs, is considered.
Non-Marital Property: Things owned before marriage or received as gifts or inheritance during marriage may not be split.
Custodial Arrangements: If there are kids, the court looks at custody and how it impacts finances.
Spousal Support (Alimony): Whether one spouse needs support payments is factored in.
Tax Consequences: Taxes resulting from asset division are also considered to make things fair.
Wasteful Dissipation: If one spouse recklessly spends or wastes money, it can affect the division.
Future Needs: The court considers what each person will need, especially if one is in a tougher spot after the divorce.
Agreements: Any agreements made before or during the marriage, like prenups, are considered if they meet legal standards.

Remember, “equitable distribution” doesn’t always mean a perfect 50/50 split. It’s about creating a fair and just arrangement based on each family’s unique situation. This process can be tricky, so it’s a good idea to work with a skilled family law attorney to help ensure your rights are protected during asset division in Illinois.

Consider Divorce Mediation

Mediation offers an alternative dispute resolution method where a neutral mediator facilitates settlement discussions between you and your spouse, aiming to reach a final agreement. Unlike judges, mediators lack the authority to decide on behalf of either party. Instead, they focus on needs and interests rather than faults and rights.

In divorce mediation, couples either choose a mediator or one is appointed by the court, with costs typically split between both parties. Both spouses present supporting documentation for disputed issues, and the mediator works with both sides to find a resolution. The ultimate goal is reaching a mutually acceptable agreement.

Even with disagreements, divorce doesn’t have to escalate into a conflict. Mediation can provide a constructive path for addressing issues like allocating parental responsibilities and alimony, serving as an alternative to formal litigation in divorce court.

FINAL THOUGHTS

While many questions and valid concerns come with divorce, the divorce process does not have to be difficult, and you don’t have to go alone. If you’re a woman considering filing for divorce, our experienced DuPage Divorce attorneys are available to address any inquiries you may have along the way.

Whether you are facing a contested, uncontested, or civil union dissolution, our firm’s attorneys are ready to skillfully advocate for your position and provide your voice when needed.

For more information on the divorce process in the Chicagoland area, including DuPage and its surrounding counties, contact us here today.

Learn more about the experienced and talented females at our Family Law Firm

Partner / Family Law Mediator: ERIN E. MASTERS

Erin E. Masters is the principal of Masters Law Group, located in Chicago, Illinois. The firm handles family law matters in Cook County and surrounding counties. Masters Law Group concentrates in area of domestic relations, which includes divorce, allocation of parental responsibilities, child support and Hague Convention/ international child abduction matters.

Associate Attorney: HAILEY MCGILLIVRAY

Hailey McGillivray is a dedicated and meticulous attorney, currently admitted to the Illinois State Bar. She holds an American and Canadian Juris Doctor from the University of Detroit Mercy School of Law and the University of Windsor Faculty of Law.